Twitching is frequently used in horse management because of its sedating and pain-relieving effects. In this study, the effects on the horse?s nervous system by twitching were investigated by thermography of the skin temperature. The temperature is regulated by the Sympathetic nervous system through postganglionic sfincters at the capillaries of the skin. The effects on the endocrine activity have also been studied by the measuring of ACTH and cortisol in blood plasma.

In healthy dogs, heart rate fluctuates during the day. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the autonomic nervous system´s regulation of the cardiovascular unit. Heart rate variability shows the balance between the sympathetic and paraSympathetic nervous system, also called sympathovagal balance. Heart rate variability can be measured by time domain - and frequency domain analysis. In a time domain analysis you study the beat-to-beat-interval (RR-interval) in an electrocardiogram (ECG), while a frequency domain analysis can be used to determine the size of the variability.

Persons suffering from Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) struggle with complications within the functions that regulate and control the brain activities, due to deficiencies in these functions within the affected nerve-paths. ADHD is a cognitive function impairment characterised by inattention, impulsiveness and over activity. According to Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), certain diagnostic criteria of ADHD must be fulfilled in order for a person to be diagnosed with ADHD. The everyday problems caused by ADHD are individual and medication can have positive effects relieving the person?s impairing behaviour.

Every spring you can see newborn foals running on fields among the mare. But some unfortunate end up visiting the equine hospital requiring surgery. This is a challenge for the anesthetist because of the neonatal foal?s unique physiology. Therefore you need to take these differences under consideration when you anesthetize foals.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases, causing an ascending paralysis that usually kills the patient within a few years from disease onset. The motor neurons show aggregates of proteins which in approximately 20 % of cases of the familial form contain mutated SOD1 protein. Trehalose is a disaccharide which has been shown to reduce protein aggregation and increase viability in cell models and alleviate symptoms in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation. When given orally to the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, trehalose failed to slow down the disease progression, which has led to questions about the uptake and distribution of the molecule in this mouse strain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether significant levels of trehalose reach the central nervous system of the SOD1G93A mouse after oral administration. This was performed by a trehalose assay of the brain of trehalose treated animals. A glucose assay was optimised for use in small samples of brain lysate after the digestion of trehalose into glucose by trehalase, and the difference in glucose concentration before and after digestion represented the trehalose level.

Chiari type I malformation is a condition in humans characterized by a small posterior cranial fossa, downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils, foramen magnum overcrowding and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Syringohydromyelia is often seen in patients with Chiari type I malformation. Syringohydromyelia is characterized by fluid-filled cavities in the spinal cord. This causes damage to the nervous tissue in the spinal cord. In recent years, a condition similar to Chiari type I malformation has been recognized in dogs. It has mostly been seen in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). The condition seen in dogs is usually called occipital bone hypoplasia. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a difference in the shape of the caudal fossa between CKCS, small bred dogs with a similar head shape and dogs with a normal head shape and if occipital bone hypoplasia is related to a head shape with a steep back of the head. Other aims of the study were to examine the crowding of nervous tissue in the foramen magnum in each breed group, the extent of syringohydromyelia and to what extent the malformation had caused neurological signs. Sculls from dogs on autopsy were divided in halves and the position of the cerebellum compared to the level of the foramen magnum was studied.

Skin temperature is detected through signals in unmyelinated C-fibers and thin myelinated A?-fibers in the peripheral and central nervous system. Disorders in thin nerve fibres are important and not rare but difficult to diagnose by the most common neurophysiological methods. In this pilot study different methods for quantitative sensory testing, QST, were compared to give some ideas about which method could be the most efficient to use in order to point out injuries of the sensory system in clinical practice. The comparison was made between Békésy (separate warmand cold thresholds) and Marstock test (combined warm and cold thresholds).

The purpose of this study is to find out how libraries can be user-friendly to people with dyslexia by focusing on how adult dyslectics experience the library. Data were collected through literature and interviews with adult dyslectic students. Two different types of user studies served as a theoretical framework; one was an individual-related study by professor Wilson and the other was a system-related one from professor Buckland. The findings in this study shows that dyslectic library users often experience difficulties when seeking for materials in the library, due to the libraries organisation of material according to the written language. Through technical aid and a more user-friendly organisation of materials it may be easier to find relevant material for dyslectics.

SAMMANFATTNING För att få fram en prognos när ett djur uppsöker vård finns det idag olika metoder. Inga är dock perfekta och därför forskas det på biomarkörer som ska kunna berätta mer om en individs allmäntillstånd. En biomarkör ska objektivt fungera som en indikator för normala biologiska processer, patogena processer eller farmakologiska responser efter en terapeutisk åtgärd. Chromogranin A (CgA) är en molekyl vars egenskaper och funktion undersökts mycket, bland annat dess potential som biomarkör vid olika tillstånd. Få djurstudier finns men humanstudier demonstrerar att CgA-koncentrationer exempelvis ökar vid olika sjukdomstillstånd; såsom hjärtsjukdomar, brännskador och hos patienter med neuroendokrina tumörer.

Bakgrund: Monaurala lågredundanta taltester används, tillsammans med andra tester i testbatterier, för att undersöka centrala auditiva funktioner. Testgrupper som ingår i monaurala lågredundanta taltester är: lågpassfiltrerade taltester, tal-i-brus tester och tidskomprimerade taltester.Syfte: Syftet var att ta reda på vilka monaurala lågredundanta taltester som finns och vilka resultat man kan få på dessa.Metod: Litteraturstudie där experimentella studier har använts.Resultat: De monaurala lågredundanta taltester som har använts i de studerade artiklarna är filtrerat tal, meningar-i-brus, ord-i-brus, taluppfattning-i-brus, tal-i-brus, SPIN, R-SPIN, SSI/MCI, SSI/ICM, SIN, tidskomprimerade ord med olika kompressionsgrader, hackat tal, The Compressed Sentence Test och SCAN-A, SCAN-C med undertesterna Auditory Figure Ground och filtrerade ord. Försökspersoner med hörselnedsättning får signifikant sämre resultat än normalhörande på många av testerna. Barn får sämre resultat på flera av testerna jämfört med vuxna.Slutsatser: Det finns många olika monaurala lågredundanta taltester. De valda artiklarna tar upp fler monaurala lågredundanta taltester än vad som nämns i använd referenslitteratur..

Background: Nerve mobilisation is a controversial subject which has undergone great development in recent decades. Nerve mobilisation is based on a concept of both examination and treatment of the nervous system. Purpose: To study nerve mobilisation as a treatment in physical therapy with emphasis on evidence regarding the method. Method: A literature review. The search was made through the databases: PubMed/Medline, Academic search, PEDro and CINAHL/webspirs.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a virus with capability to cause neurological disease in several species of mammals and of ostriches. Also humans are suspected to be susceptible to the virus, as the viral RNA and antibodies against BDV have been found in some humans with psychiatric diseases, like schizophrenia and depression. In Sweden there is a disease called staggering disease in cats, associated to BDV-infection. This disease often has a fatal progress. Definite diagnosis is reached by histo-pathological and immunohistochemical examination of the central nervous system.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse and understand resolution, repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement system for package distance. The measurement system for package distance is already in use, no Gage R&R has been performed on the system and before spreading use of the system the quality of the system has to be understood and approved.

When an error occurs in an IT system that is vital for the production of a major industry, the consequences can be great. To quickly identify and correct errors is important as a stop in a system can lead to a break in production, which is costly for the industry. Our task in this thesis has been to develop a system for ÅF that facilitates the debugging process of the system Paperline. The system's target audience is ÅF-call personnel that provides support for Paperline 24 hours a day if something goes wrong. The system consists of a Windows service, a database and a web application and is developed mainly with the techniques C#.NET, MVC 5, Google Charts, Javascript, HTML, CSS, and Entity Framework.

Arbetet undersöker grafikkortets lämplighet att tolka L-system i realtid. L-system är ett strängomskrivningssystem som beskriver strukturen hos botaniska former. Lsystem tolkas med hjälp av sköldpaddstolkningen för att få en geometrisk tolkning. För att utvärdera om grafikkortet är lämpat att tolka L-system i realtid har två system implementerats. Det ena systemet tolkar L-system på processorn och det andra systemet tolkar L-system på grafikkortet.